Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Epistemic Operators', 'Reply to First Objections' and 'Letters to Queen Charlotte'

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9 ideas

6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 4. Axioms for Number / a. Axioms for numbers
23026 We know mathematical axioms, such as subtracting equals from equals leaves equals, by a natural light [Leibniz]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 7. Essence and Necessity / b. Essence not necessities
13189 A necessary feature (such as air for humans) is not therefore part of the essence [Leibniz]
10. Modality / D. Knowledge of Modality / 1. A Priori Necessary
19432 Intelligible truth is independent of any external things or experiences [Leibniz]
12. Knowledge Sources / B. Perception / 2. Qualities in Perception / d. Secondary qualities
19430 We know objects by perceptions, but their qualities don't reveal what it is we are perceiving [Leibniz]
12. Knowledge Sources / D. Empiricism / 1. Empiricism
19431 There is nothing in the understanding but experiences, plus the understanding itself, and the understander [Leibniz]
13. Knowledge Criteria / A. Justification Problems / 2. Justification Challenges / c. Knowledge closure
6445 You have knowledge if you can rule out all the relevant alternatives to what you believe [Dretske, by DeRose]
15. Nature of Minds / B. Features of Minds / 2. Unconscious Mind
16634 I can't be unaware of anything which is in me [Descartes]
23. Ethics / F. Existentialism / 5. Existence-Essence
3635 Essence must be known before we discuss existence [Descartes]
28. God / B. Proving God / 3. Proofs of Evidence / a. Cosmological Proof
3634 We can't prove a first cause from our inability to grasp infinity [Descartes]